group 2

1.      Provide in your own word with one example in each case the definition of the following word in an educational context:

        i.            Traditional media encompasses many types of advertising and ways to reach consumers. It does not, however, include new media like using social media and the internet. Traditional and new media are both great ways to reach consumers and both have their advantages. for examples Newspapers and magazines Static web content TV/Radio Print advertising Direct mail.

      ii.            Modern media are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and relying on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are telephones, computers, virtual worlds, single media, website games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations.

    iii.            Educational media are aids used in teaching and learning, for example television, computers, in-focus, etc.

    iv.            Hardware is a physical part of computer system or electronic device. Hardware, we can touch and feel. Hardware is only one part of a computer system.

      v.            Technology is science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. For example when we are going to presentation infront of class we are use ppt and to show oir ppt we use the technology namely in-focus.

    vi.            Software is a media which is a program or data which is under the control of a computer. for example film screenings in learning.

  vii.            Interactive media is a multimedia-based tool that describes an information from teacher to student to facilitate the learning process. for example presenting content such as text, moving images, animation, video, audio and video games.

viii.            Educational technology is a teaching-learning process that uses systems from technology and media. for example the use of all books for learning materials and films or video.

    ix.            Educational media is all things used by a teacher in teaching where the conclusion is out of verbal explanation so as to change their behavior and attitude. for example such as printed or non-printed, project or non-project and traditional or modern.

2.      Differentiate the following concepts relation to EMT, where possible give an example in each case:

           i.            Multimedia presentation from multi image presentation.

·         Multimedia presentation = the media arranged in singles material being taught in the session or can be in a combination of various media emaniting from a single presentation source. Eg: VCD material, slide, and film strips OHP and transparencies.

·         Multi image media: these are 2 or more pictures that are projected or presented simultaneously onvone or more screen. Eg: projection of image using the sound film projector and slide film projector

         ii.            Informational media from instructional media

·         Informational media: this media aimed at giving information without an opportunity of interaction. Eg. Tv, newspaper, book . Etc.

·         Instructional media: this media intended to change a learner's behavior in a classroom setting and the learners can interact with them. Eg. Photos, models, projectors, and regalia.

       iii.            Traditional media and modern media

·         Traditional Media can be explained as TV, radio, direct mail, billboards, etc. It is an “push” strategy, meaning the message is being output by the business. It is a one-way, direct message that can be costly, yet instantly impactful. Traditional media is gauged by short-term results.

·         New Media can be explained as social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube), search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), blogs, etc. It is a “pull” strategy, meaning it is conversational between consumer and business. It is interactive and inexpensive to campaign, and it can yield measurable progress. New media is gauged by long-term results.

       iv.            Technology in education from technology of education

·         Technology of education is the incorporation of IT into the realm of classroom.Technology of education deals with systematic application of the resources of scientific knowledge of the processes of learning that each individual has to pass through in order to acquire and use knowledge.

·         Technology in education refers to the use of technological hardware in education.Technology in education is not limited to making use of technology to make learning and imparting of education easier in all possible ways but also a field of study in itself for those who are involved with developing technological tools for educational purposes. It is a much broader area that technology of education.

3.      educational media are "software" and / or "hardware" devices that function as learning tools and learning aids.

            Educational technology is defined as a medium that was born from the communication technology revolution that can be used for teaching purposes in addition to teachers, books, ideas, tools and organizations that are studied systematically, logically and scientifically.

            Educational technology can be associated with a way or strategy that is owned by a teacher in the learning process both using the media in the classroom or or other ways so that learning becomes easily absorbed by the students.

            The role of educational technology Educational technology is very beneficial for humans in education. In educational technology will involve procedures, ideas, equipment and organisms to analyze educational problems, look for problem solving, carry out evaluations and manage problem solving that involves all aspects of learning in education.

4.       

5.      Discus five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching–learning process in classrooms.

  There are five functions of educational technology such as:

1)      As a means of scientific and objective teaching materials.

2)      As a means of motivating learners who have low enthusiasm for learning.

3)      As a means to help students present what they know

4)      As a means to improve the effectiveness of learning.

5)      As a means to facilitate the delivery of material

7.      Describe the development in EMT from the earliest times up to the present. Get more examples concerning EMT?

      The development of EMT can be followed in many previous years, but it is unpredictable about what exact time. EMT has experienced progressive changes since the 14th century. In the early 17th century manuscripts on technology have also been discovered. It has also been marked by the introduction of textbooks as well. The other period is between the first 20 years of that period, technology in teaching and learning has been held followed by the development of printing arts. In the past 35 years, curriculum and teaching hardware was introduced. The existence of slide / film projectors, computers and radios present in the learning and teaching process. Between 1955 and 1990 software was developed.

            The year 1971 can be said as the initial milestone in the use of computerized technology for the education sector. That year, a game program called The Oregon Trail appeared, created by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger. The era of the 1990s became the point of development of edutech at a more established step. Because digital technology advances more rapidly.

            That makes many teachers increasingly feel the benefits of using technology during the teaching and learning process. All these developments led to the development of new edutech products which experienced rapid development in the 2000s. Until now, education today uses technology to a more sophisticated level with many inventions such as laptops, computers, web cameras and so on which are ICT based EMTs. The example is the using of projector, infocus, video animation, film and so on.

8.      Multimedia is most recommended for any effective teaching, how do you define multimedia and what merits do you have in the teaching – learning process involving such media?

            Multimedia refers to communication of more than one media type such as that involving text, audio, graphics, animated graphics and full-motion video. Teaching by using animation and video/film. We can make animation as unique as we can hoping that the students will not get bored during the learning process. Besides, teacher must be creative to create such as interesting way while teaching in the class.

1.provide in your own words with one example in each case the definition of the following words in an educational context ?
1.  Traditional media is media that has nothing to do with the internet. Traditional media marketing is a one-way conversation and is a closed system. Traditional media is mass marketing as oppose to one-on-one marketing like new media is. Traditional media is also more about the company whereas new media is more about the customers. New media is made in real time while traditional media is pre-made and scheduled.
2. modern media : are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and rely on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are telephones, computers, virtual worlds, single media, website games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations
3. educational media : These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
4. hardware : Hardware is the physical equipment or mechanical/electrical that make for a medium system operate e.g. a central pressing unit (CPU), mouse and keyboard. The hardware is used to run devices e.g motion pictures, video tapes, DVD players, radio TV, tape recorder, projectors, cameras and laptops. The hardware enables teacher to deal with more learners at least cost.
5. technology : TechnologyThe word technology is derived from two Greek words; -Techno (technique/how) and-Logy (knowledge/study).Technology = Technical know-how or technical knowledge.Man uses materials sources of power, machines and tools to make work easier and productive in the sake of satisfying his/her needs/wants.Whereas science tries to explain why things happen technology is concerned with how things happen.
6. software :  SoftwareSoftware refers to data or programs not forming part of the hardware but used when operating the hardware eg a film in a camera, a transparency in an OHP, a cassette in a tape recorder or a program in a computer. It controls the computer’s operation.
7. interactive media : Interactive mediaThese are media format that allow/need some level of physical activity which much be shown by the learner rather than told eg a learner controlling a computer program.The pace and sequence of information is controlled by the learner.Since these media need the learner’s response, they catch the learner’s attention and interest greatly.The media enable learners to link data, information and ideas and also address learning styles, provide an effective learning environment in which learners can explore, add to and composes new learning at their own pace. However, the media are costly to develop and also require a detailed and careful planning thus they call for specialists.
8. educational technology : Bruce & Marsh (1996) looks at it as a logical arrangement of educational activities aimed at improving the learning – teaching process.
Richmond (1970) views the term as a scientific approach in solving, organizing, implementing and evaluating educational activities (teaching-learning).
The National Council for Educational Technology-UK defined the term as the development, application and evaluation of educational system for improving human learning process.
9. Educational media : Educational Media
These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).
Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
10. educational media and technology : Rowtree (1990) says EMT is the development (process involving learners from start to evaluation) and evaluation (how much has the learners achieved given the applied media and technology) of system of techniques (technology) and aids (media) so as to improve the teaching – learning in conveying the content (message) to learners.
Coffey (1977) defines the concept as a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total teaching-learning process by employing a combination of human and scientific equipments to bring about effective instruction.
2. Differentiate the following concepts in relation to EMT, Where possible give an example in each case :
i. Multimedia presentation from multi image presentation  : the projection of image using the sound film project and slide film project or an OHP and the opaque projector.
ii. Informational media from instructional media : photos, model, project or and regalia.
iii. Tradisional media from modern media :
iv. Technology in education from technology of education : audio, cassettes, model, radio, etc.
3. What is education media and how does it involve educational technology?

Educational media is a media for learning and teaching or learning software. Media itself means a method of communication. Educational media is primaliry aimed at producing the optimal combination of media so as to support learners.
Educational media and technology can be defined as all means of communication like prints, graphics, animations, audios and audiovisuals. Educational multimedia technology incorporates all the qualities of prints, graphics, animations, audio and audiovisuals and technology is defined as any object or process of human origin that can be utilised to convey media and multimedia. In this sense, technology includes phenomena as diverse as books, films, television, and the internet. In education, media are the symbol systems that teachers and learners utilise in representing knowledge and technologies are the tools that allow them to share their knowledge representations with others (Thomas, 1998).
Educational media and multimedia technology are the channels of transmitting information to learners’ and are also those gadgets, and machines that are needed in transmitting information to learners’. There are various types of educational media and multimedia technology currently utilised in teaching and learning processes which are: computer system, microphone, mobile device, interactive whiteboard, digital-video-ondemand, online media stream, digital game, pod-cast and so on. Computer system relevance in the classroom allows teachers to demonstrate a new lesson, animate, present new materials, illustrate how to use new programs and show new websites. In a noisy classroom or large classes, learners will be able to hear their teachers’ instruction clearly and in the process learn better with the use of microphones (Webcrawler, 2013). Mobile devices such as clickers or smartphones can be utilised in enhancing feedback activities during and after instruction delivery by the teacher. An interactive whiteboard provides touch control of computer applications which enhance the experience in the classroom by displaying visuals that can be viewed on a wider screen by learners’. This assist in visual learning, and interactivity for learners’ to draw, write or manipulate images on the interactive whiteboard. The digital video eliminates the need for in-classroom hardware players and allows teachers and learners to access video clips immediately without the internet access. Online media streams can enhance streamed video websites for classroom teaching and learning processes. The digital game motivates the learners in learning a particular concept at hand and its use is increasing everyday. Podcast is relatively new invention that allows teachers to publish files to the internet where learners’ can subscribe and receive new files from people by a subscription (Thomas, 1998).
4. Describe how some scholars become convinced to the decision of using the concept educational media and technology.
     Educational technology which is the parent of Percival and Ellington learning media in the book Educational Technology, translated by Sudjarwo (1988: 9-10), writes a definition of educational technology, namely:Educational technology is the development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques and tools with the aim of improving the learning process for humans (Council for Education for Technology for the United Kingdom). Educational technology applies empirical testing techniques to improve learning situations (Nation Center for Programmed Learning United Kingdom). Educational technology is a systematic way in the design, implementation and evaluation of the teaching / learning process as a whole to achieve specific instructional goals. learning media are anything, objects, or even the school environment that build conditions that can make students improve the processes, situations, and effectiveness of teaching and learning
5. Discuss five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching-learning process in classrooms.
a. The use of technology helps teachers meet their learners’ educational needs. According to Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (2000), the application of computer technology enables teachers and learners to make local and global societies that connect them with the people and expand opportunities for their learning.
b.technology provides so many alternatives as making teaching interesting and more productive in terms of advancement (Patel, 2013).
c. The usage of technology in class that can helps teacher for teaching vocab with multimedia texts in classroom assists learners in become familiar with vocabulary and language structures. The application of multimedia also makes use of print texts, film, and internet to enhance learners’ linguistic knowledge. The use of print, film, and internet gives learners the chance to collect information and offers them different materials for the analysis and interpretation of both language and contexts (Arifah, 2014).
d.Dawson, Cavanaugh, and Ritzhaupt (2008) and Pourhosein Gilakjani (2014) maintained that using technology can create a learning atmosphere centered around the learner rather than the teacher that in turn creates positive changes. They emphasized that by using computer technology, language class becomes an active place full of meaningful tasks where the learners are responsible for their learning.
e.Drayton, Falk, Stroud, Hobbs, and Hammerman (2010) argued that using computer technology indicates a true learning experience that enhances learners’ responsibilities. Technology encourages learners to learn individually and to acquire responsible behaviors. The independent use of technologies gives learners self-direction


Group 3.
Sandra Yunira
Wella Cisilya Putri
Jessica Paulima
Avivah Adinda Putri