Rabu, 16 Oktober 2019

group 2

1.      Provide in your own word with one example in each case the definition of the following word in an educational context:

        i.            Traditional media encompasses many types of advertising and ways to reach consumers. It does not, however, include new media like using social media and the internet. Traditional and new media are both great ways to reach consumers and both have their advantages. for examples Newspapers and magazines Static web content TV/Radio Print advertising Direct mail.

      ii.            Modern media are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and relying on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are telephones, computers, virtual worlds, single media, website games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations.

    iii.            Educational media are aids used in teaching and learning, for example television, computers, in-focus, etc.

    iv.            Hardware is a physical part of computer system or electronic device. Hardware, we can touch and feel. Hardware is only one part of a computer system.

      v.            Technology is science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. For example when we are going to presentation infront of class we are use ppt and to show oir ppt we use the technology namely in-focus.

    vi.            Software is a media which is a program or data which is under the control of a computer. for example film screenings in learning.

vii.            Interactive media is a multimedia-based tool that describes an information from teacher to student to facilitate the learning process. for example presenting content such as text, moving images, animation, video, audio and video games.

viii.            Educational technology is a teaching-learning process that uses systems from technology and media. for example the use of all books for learning materials and films or video.

    ix.            Educational media is all things used by a teacher in teaching where the conclusion is out of verbal explanation so as to change their behavior and attitude. for example such as printed or non-printed, project or non-project and traditional or modern.

2.      Differentiate the following concepts relation to EMT, where possible give an example in each case:

           i.            Multimedia presentation from multi image presentation.

·         Multimedia presentation = the media arranged in singles material being taught in the session or can be in a combination of various media emaniting from a single presentation source. Eg: VCD material, slide, and film strips OHP and transparencies.

·         Multi image media: these are 2 or more pictures that are projected or presented simultaneously onvone or more screen. Eg: projection of image using the sound film projector and slide film projector

         ii.            Informational media from instructional media

·         Informational media: this media aimed at giving information without an opportunity of interaction. Eg. Tv, newspaper, book . Etc.

·         Instructional media: this media intended to change a learner's behavior in a classroom setting and the learners can interact with them. Eg. Photos, models, projectors, and regalia.

       iii.            Traditional media and modern media

·         Traditional Media can be explained as TV, radio, direct mail, billboards, etc. It is an “push” strategy, meaning the message is being output by the business. It is a one-way, direct message that can be costly, yet instantly impactful. Traditional media is gauged by short-term results.

·         New Media can be explained as social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube), search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), blogs, etc. It is a “pull” strategy, meaning it is conversational between consumer and business. It is interactive and inexpensive to campaign, and it can yield measurable progress. New media is gauged by long-term results.

       iv.            Technology in education from technology of education

·         Technology of education is the incorporation of IT into the realm of classroom.Technology of education deals with systematic application of the resources of scientific knowledge of the processes of learning that each individual has to pass through in order to acquire and use knowledge.

·         Technology in education refers to the use of technological hardware in education.Technology in education is not limited to making use of technology to make learning and imparting of education easier in all possible ways but also a field of study in itself for those who are involved with developing technological tools for educational purposes. It is a much broader area that technology of education.

3.      educational media are "software" and / or "hardware" devices that function as learning tools and learning aids.

            Educational technology is defined as a medium that was born from the communication technology revolution that can be used for teaching purposes in addition to teachers, books, ideas, tools and organizations that are studied systematically, logically and scientifically.

            Educational technology can be associated with a way or strategy that is owned by a teacher in the learning process both using the media in the classroom or or other ways so that learning becomes easily absorbed by the students.

            The role of educational technology Educational technology is very beneficial for humans in education. In educational technology will involve procedures, ideas, equipment and organisms to analyze educational problems, look for problem solving, carry out evaluations and manage problem solving that involves all aspects of learning in education.

4.

5.      Discus five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching–learning process in classrooms.

There are five functions of educational technology such as:

1)      As a means of scientific and objective teaching materials.

2)      As a means of motivating learners who have low enthusiasm for learning.

3)      As a means to help students present what they know

4)      As a means to improve the effectiveness of learning.

5)      As a means to facilitate the delivery of material

7.      Describe the development in EMT from the earliest times up to the present. Get more examples concerning EMT?

      The development of EMT can be followed in many previous years, but it is unpredictable about what exact time. EMT has experienced progressive changes since the 14th century. In the early 17th century manuscripts on technology have also been discovered. It has also been marked by the introduction of textbooks as well. The other period is between the first 20 years of that period, technology in teaching and learning has been held followed by the development of printing arts. In the past 35 years, curriculum and teaching hardware was introduced. The existence of slide / film projectors, computers and radios present in the learning and teaching process. Between 1955 and 1990 software was developed.

            The year 1971 can be said as the initial milestone in the use of computerized technology for the education sector. That year, a game program called The Oregon Trail appeared, created by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger. The era of the 1990s became the point of development of edutech at a more established step. Because digital technology advances more rapidly.

            That makes many teachers increasingly feel the benefits of using technology during the teaching and learning process. All these developments led to the development of new edutech products which experienced rapid development in the 2000s. Until now, education today uses technology to a more sophisticated level with many inventions such as laptops, computers, web cameras and so on which are ICT based EMTs. The example is the using of projector, infocus, video animation, film and so on.

8.      Multimedia is most recommended for any effective teaching, how do you define multimedia and what merits do you have in the teaching – learning process involving such media?

            Multimedia refers to communication of more than one media type such as that involving text, audio, graphics, animated graphics and full-motion video. Teaching by using animation and video/film. We can make animation as unique as we can hoping that the students will not get bored during the learning process. Besides, teacher must be creative to create such as interesting way while teaching in the class.

Selasa, 15 Oktober 2019

1.provide in your own words with one example in each case the definition of the following words in an educational context ?
1. Traditional media is media that has nothing to do with the internet. Traditional media marketing is a one-way conversation and is a closed system. Traditional media is mass marketing as oppose to one-on-one marketing like new media is. Traditional media is also more about the company whereas new media is more about the customers. New media is made in real time while traditional media is pre-made and scheduled.
2. modern media : are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and rely on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are telephones, computers, virtual worlds, single media, website games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations
3. educational media : These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
4. hardware : Hardware is the physical equipment or mechanical/electrical that make for a medium system operate e.g. a central pressing unit (CPU), mouse and keyboard. The hardware is used to run devices e.g motion pictures, video tapes, DVD players, radio TV, tape recorder, projectors, cameras and laptops. The hardware enables teacher to deal with more learners at least cost.
5. technology : TechnologyThe word technology is derived from two Greek words; -Techno (technique/how) and-Logy (knowledge/study).Technology = Technical know-how or technical knowledge.Man uses materials sources of power, machines and tools to make work easier and productive in the sake of satisfying his/her needs/wants.Whereas science tries to explain why things happen technology is concerned with how things happen.
6. software : SoftwareSoftware refers to data or programs not forming part of the hardware but used when operating the hardware eg a film in a camera, a transparency in an OHP, a cassette in a tape recorder or a program in a computer. It controls the computer’s operation.
7. interactive media : Interactive mediaThese are media format that allow/need some level of physical activity which much be shown by the learner rather than told eg a learner controlling a computer program.The pace and sequence of information is controlled by the learner.Since these media need the learner’s response, they catch the learner’s attention and interest greatly.The media enable learners to link data, information and ideas and also address learning styles, provide an effective learning environment in which learners can explore, add to and composes new learning at their own pace. However, the media are costly to develop and also require a detailed and careful planning thus they call for specialists.
8. educational technology : Bruce & Marsh (1996) looks at it as a logical arrangement of educational activities aimed at improving the learning – teaching process.
Richmond (1970) views the term as a scientific approach in solving, organizing, implementing and evaluating educational activities (teaching-learning).
The National Council for Educational Technology-UK defined the term as the development, application and evaluation of educational system for improving human learning process.
9. Educational media : Educational Media
These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).
Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
10. educational media and technology : Rowtree (1990) says EMT is the development (process involving learners from start to evaluation) and evaluation (how much has the learners achieved given the applied media and technology) of system of techniques (technology) and aids (media) so as to improve the teaching – learning in conveying the content (message) to learners.
Coffey (1977) defines the concept as a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total teaching-learning process by employing a combination of human and scientific equipments to bring about effective instruction.
2. Differentiate the following concepts in relation to EMT, Where possible give an example in each case :
i. Multimedia presentation from multi image presentation : the projection of image using the sound film project and slide film project or an OHP and the opaque projector.
ii. Informational media from instructional media : photos, model, project or and regalia.
iii. Tradisional media from modern media :
iv. Technology in education from technology of education : audio, cassettes, model, radio, etc.
3. What is education media and how does it involve educational technology?

Educational media is a media for learning and teaching or learning software. Media itself means a method of communication. Educational media is primaliry aimed at producing the optimal combination of media so as to support learners.
Educational media and technology can be defined as all means of communication like prints, graphics, animations, audios and audiovisuals. Educational multimedia technology incorporates all the qualities of prints, graphics, animations, audio and audiovisuals and technology is defined as any object or process of human origin that can be utilised to convey media and multimedia. In this sense, technology includes phenomena as diverse as books, films, television, and the internet. In education, media are the symbol systems that teachers and learners utilise in representing knowledge and technologies are the tools that allow them to share their knowledge representations with others (Thomas, 1998).
Educational media and multimedia technology are the channels of transmitting information to learners’ and are also those gadgets, and machines that are needed in transmitting information to learners’. There are various types of educational media and multimedia technology currently utilised in teaching and learning processes which are: computer system, microphone, mobile device, interactive whiteboard, digital-video-ondemand, online media stream, digital game, pod-cast and so on. Computer system relevance in the classroom allows teachers to demonstrate a new lesson, animate, present new materials, illustrate how to use new programs and show new websites. In a noisy classroom or large classes, learners will be able to hear their teachers’ instruction clearly and in the process learn better with the use of microphones (Webcrawler, 2013). Mobile devices such as clickers or smartphones can be utilised in enhancing feedback activities during and after instruction delivery by the teacher. An interactive whiteboard provides touch control of computer applications which enhance the experience in the classroom by displaying visuals that can be viewed on a wider screen by learners’. This assist in visual learning, and interactivity for learners’ to draw, write or manipulate images on the interactive whiteboard. The digital video eliminates the need for in-classroom hardware players and allows teachers and learners to access video clips immediately without the internet access. Online media streams can enhance streamed video websites for classroom teaching and learning processes. The digital game motivates the learners in learning a particular concept at hand and its use is increasing everyday. Podcast is relatively new invention that allows teachers to publish files to the internet where learners’ can subscribe and receive new files from people by a subscription (Thomas, 1998).
4. Describe how some scholars become convinced to the decision of using the concept educational media and technology.
Educational technology which is the parent of Percival and Ellington learning media in the book Educational Technology, translated by Sudjarwo (1988: 9-10), writes a definition of educational technology, namely:Educational technology is the development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques and tools with the aim of improving the learning process for humans (Council for Education for Technology for the United Kingdom). Educational technology applies empirical testing techniques to improve learning situations (Nation Center for Programmed Learning United Kingdom). Educational technology is a systematic way in the design, implementation and evaluation of the teaching / learning process as a whole to achieve specific instructional goals. learning media are anything, objects, or even the school environment that build conditions that can make students improve the processes, situations, and effectiveness of teaching and learning
5. Discuss five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching-learning process in classrooms.
a. The use of technology helps teachers meet their learners’ educational needs. According to Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (2000), the application of computer technology enables teachers and learners to make local and global societies that connect them with the people and expand opportunities for their learning.
b.technology provides so many alternatives as making teaching interesting and more productive in terms of advancement (Patel, 2013).
c. The usage of technology in class that can helps teacher for teaching vocab with multimedia texts in classroom assists learners in become familiar with vocabulary and language structures. The application of multimedia also makes use of print texts, film, and internet to enhance learners’ linguistic knowledge. The use of print, film, and internet gives learners the chance to collect information and offers them different materials for the analysis and interpretation of both language and contexts (Arifah, 2014).
d.Dawson, Cavanaugh, and Ritzhaupt (2008) and Pourhosein Gilakjani (2014) maintained that using technology can create a learning atmosphere centered around the learner rather than the teacher that in turn creates positive changes. They emphasized that by using computer technology, language class becomes an active place full of meaningful tasks where the learners are responsible for their learning.
e.Drayton, Falk, Stroud, Hobbs, and Hammerman (2010) argued that using computer technology indicates a true learning experience that enhances learners’ responsibilities. Technology encourages learners to learn individually and to acquire responsible behaviors. The independent use of technologies gives learners self-direction

Group 3.
Sandra Yunira
Wella Cisilya Putri
Jessica Paulima
Avivah Adinda Putri

Senin, 27 Mei 2019

Indah Karina Sianturi - 1788203064 (Early Childhood Education Essay)

What is the Importance of Early Childhood Education?

Early childhood education is an education that preparing children before go to elementary school. Early childhood education offered for children under six years old through various types of media and methods. Institutionally, early childhood education that already exist in Indonesia is a package in the form of Kindergarten and Playgroup but people can do it independently. Early Childhood Education (ECE) aims to help the cognitive and social development of preschool children before they enter the elementary school. At an early age of 0-6 years the brain develops extremely fast up to 80%. At that age the brain receives and absorbs various kind of information, does not see good and bad. Those are the times when children’s physical, mental and spiritual development will begin to form. Because of this, many people said that this kind of period called the golden age.

Based on the result of the study, around 50% of the intelligence of adults has occurred when a child is 4 years old, 80% has developed rapidly about brain cell when the child is 8 years old and reaches its peak when the child is 18 years old, and after that despite improvements in nutrition will not affect cognitive development. According to Byrnes, early childhood education will provide preparation for children to face the future, the closest is facing school. “At the present, some kindergartens have asked students who want to register there to be able to read and count. In kindergarten, children had begun to be taught social skills and problem solving. Because those abilities can be formed from an early age” explained Byrnes.

Then according to Byrnes also, that early childhood education is important, because it is at the age that children form the best education. It is at this age that children must form their readiness to face school and the future. And this is also the best investment that can be given to children is educational preparation at an early age. Indeed, it cannot be denied that early childhood education is a very basic and strategic education in the development of human resources. Once the importance of education is not surprising that many countries pay enormous attention to the implementation of this education until the Indonesian government also provides free education services up to the junior high level. Therefore, early childhood education is very important for Indonesian children in the future.

A lot of psychological flow talk about the importance of self-esteem or humanism self-esteem, especially Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Rogers divide the concept of self into three parts, namely : (1) self-ideal, (2) self-image, and (3) self-esteem. Self-image is perception that we are against ourselves. Whereas assessment against ourselves, good-bad, smart-stupid this is called self-esteem. People who have self-esteem optimal is called self-ideal. High and low self-esteem depending on the ideal distance between yourself (ideal self) and self-image. If long, low self-esteem. But if the distance is short the pride is high (Musbikin,2004 : 96)

Harter in Papalia (2009:383) say that as well as self-concept, self-esteem in the early childhood tends to be all or nothing; ‘I’m good’ or ‘I’m bad’. Only in middle childhood can a personal evaluation of competence and ability based on internalizing a child’s parent or social standard become important in shaping or maintaining a feeling of self-worth. In some literature, the term of self-perception is also used which is a collection of beliefs and feelings that children have towards themselves. This assessment is very influential on the emotional development, behaviour and adaptation of children in the social environment. Children usually judge themselves in a simple form, for example “I can wear my own clothes already” or “I have many friends”. How high self-esteem of children is very influential in the preschool period where they begin to learn to learn new things.

Self-esteem is a continuous process. Self-esteem that has been formed at an early age will have a very significant influence on the behaviour of children’s lives in the future. Real steps and the use of appropriate strategies need to be done by the teacher and the school in order to pour out the development of children’s self-esteem in the process learning. It must be realized that the growth of respect their children for oneself is inseparable from how other people respect their children. So the important is the development of self-esteem for each individual, it is necessary to have synergic cooperation between teachers in schools and parents.

Sources :

https://doktersehat.com/pentingnya-paud/

https://www.kompasiana.com/shobahbahar/54f84126a33311d45d8b47e1/mengapa-pendidikan-anak-usia-dini-sangat-penting

Jurnal “ STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HARGAA DIRI ANAK USIA DINI “ oleh Dwi Hastuti (PG PAUD FKIP UAD YOGYAKARTA)

Sabtu, 18 Mei 2019

muhamad rahmadeny 1788203043(early education)

THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION Early Childhood

According to the law 20 Article 1, point 14 of 2003 on Early Childhood Education (ECD) is a development effort aimed at children from birth to age 6 years conducted through the provision of educational stimulation to help the growth and development of the physical and spiritual so that children have the readiness to enter further education. Education is an important asset for the progress of a nation, therefore, every citizen is obliged to follow education, better early childhood education, elementary education, secondary education or higher. In the field of education a child from birth require appropriate care in fulfilling the needs of education along with the understanding of the characteristics of children according to their growth and development will be very helpful in tailoring the learning process for children with age, needs and conditions of each, intellectually, emotionally and social. The importance of education for young children, this is the level of education before primary education, which is a development efforts aimed at children from birth up to the age of six years are accomplished by providing stimulation of education to help the growth and development of the physical and spiritual so that children have preparedness entering further education, which was held in formal, non-formal and informal.

Improve Cognitive Skills, Social and Emotional Learning process is essentially divided into two concepts which take place simultaneously, namely the learning process performed by the kindergarten children and the learning process carried out by educators. Abin Syamsudin Ma'mun (1987: 4) also argued about the learning process, namely "the learning process can be defined as an interaction between children and educators in order to achieve the goal of teaching". The learning activities in kindergarten prioritizing play while learning and learning while playing. Naturally play to motivate children to learn something deeper, and spontaneously develop children's abilities. Playing basically concerned with the process than the results. According to the Opinion Bredekamp cited by Musitoh (2003: 5) "play is a important vehicle for children, social, emotional, and cognitive development "facilitate early childhood .Pendidikan children get the social environment that suited him. Here he can interact with more peers thus improving social and emotional skills. Interaction with friends would encourage him to learn to communicate and express feelings.

Through a variety of teaching activities, children will begin to develop the cognitive ability to understand and analyze the problem. By observing children are encouraged to develop cognitive skills, for example in understanding the nature of the liquid, the benefits of eating vegetables, about colors, counting objects, and so forth.

The learning activities in kindergarten prioritizing play while learning and learning while playing. Naturally play to motivate children to learn something deeper, and spontaneously develop children's abilities. Playing basically concerned with the process than the results. According to the Opinion Bredekamp cited by Musitoh (2003: 5) "play is a important vehicle for children, social, emotional, and cognitive development ".That is playing an important vehicle for social development, emotional, and cognitive reflected in the activities.

Improve Communication Skills and Language Children will be taught to speak with current formal language in the classroom. Teachers will also provide guidance on how to talk nice and polite. Some activities such as playing and singing is also useful to add child's vocabulary. This will improve speech and language skills. To develop speaking skills, there are several aspects of speaking skills. Children's language ability should be optimized based on aspects that support the improvement of speaking skills. In the optimization speaking skills necessary instruments to observe the development of early childhood / kindergarten, refers to the indicators to be developed. According to Harun Rashid (2009: 134) the ability to say, vocabulary and sentence should be developed instrument for assessing, so it seems clear about the level of language skills of children. Meanwhile, according Suhartono (2005: 138) aspects to do with stimulating the interest of the speaking skills, drills combine the sounds of language, enriching vocabulary, introduce the sentence through stories and songs, and introduces the writing symbol.

Improve Physical and Motor Skills Many lessons taught are encouraging creativity of children through fun activities. Such activity can improve fine motor skills through activities that rely on the movement of the fingers such as writing, holding, coloring, etc. They can also improve gross motor skills through activities that rely on the movement of the hands and feet such as hitting and kicking.

Following the early childhood classroom to help children improve physical activity that is rarely done at home. Some activities that help children move more include gymnastics, sports, play, dance, and so forth. Early childhood experience physical and motor development, not unless the development of personality, character, emotional, intellectual, language, manners, and moral growing by leaps and bounds. Therefore, if the nation wants intelligent, and noble character (Morality) education should be started from childhood.

Children Creativity develop sensitivity to rhythm, tone, various sounds, as well as creative respect. (Yuliani Conscience, 2011: 42-43). Children who attend early childhood education classes are more likely to develop creativity. Some of the activities in the classroom to help children develop their creativity as playing, singing, composing puzzles, coloring pictures and other so on.In this stage children begin to learn about what he learned, sensitive to the environment from what is seen and heard.

Preparing Children's Mental Taking Formal Education Through early childhood, many parents feel greatly helped prepare children to enter elementary school. Once entering formal schooling in elementary school, the child already has sufficient mental and some basic skills such as holding a pencil, recognize letters and numbers, lined up, and so forth. In addition to following the children early childhood can increase confidence. Many of the activities carried out in class that encourages children to be able to appear as singing, dancing, playing, and others. from that children already have the knowledge and attitudes that are ready to follow the formal education better.

Conclusions Early childhood is the golden age throughout the age range of human development. This period is a sensitive period, during this period specifically child easily accept stimulus stimulus from the environment. At this time the child ready to perform various activities in order to understand and master the environment. Golden age is a period in which aak start sensitized to accept a variety of stimulation and a variety of environmental education efforts of both intentional and unintentional. In this sensitive period occurs maturation of physical and psychological functions that are ready to respond and to realize all the tasks developments are expected to emerge in the everyday behavior patterns.

Early childhood education is a development effort aimed at children from birth to age 6 years conducted through the provision of educational stimulation to help the growth and development of children physically and mentally in order to have the readiness to enter further education.

Education in early childhood basically covers all efforts and actions of educators and parents in the process of care, upbringing and education of children by creating an aura and the environment in which children can explore the experience gives him a chance to know and understand the learning experience gained from environment, through observing, imitating and experimenting that goes repeatedly and involve all the potential and intelligence.

Reference

Yuliani Conscience. 2011. Basic Concept of Early Childhood Education. Jakarta: Index.

Masitoh et al. 2005. Learning Strategies kindergarten. Jakarta:

Sabtu, 11 Mei 2019

Ratih Saltri Yudar - 1788203008

Preschool, Is It Good Enough ?

Golden ages being a good time for parents to start educate their children and preschool being a good way to reach this goals. Preschool is a common things these days, because now almost all of parents who has child in golden ages would like to enroll their children to preschool. Preschool or early childhood education is a good beginning for children to entered school in the future and children wouldn’t be shock once they entered school because they have start to learn from preschool. Preschool has a really good goals for each children who entered, but is it the impact as good as the goals?

Barnet (1985, 1995, and 2008) mention that a studies showing a positive impact of early childhood education [or preschool] programs on [children] future development of individuals. That statement means preschool has a good impact because it’s good for children future development. Meanwhile, another studies even suggesting potential null or even negative effects [for children who entered preschool] (Lipsey, Farran, & Hofer, 2015).

Preschool helped children to gain more knowledge that really useful for children future academic. Gain knowledge from early education wouldn’t make student get shock once they start to study in future school. Moreover, this condition sometimes make children think so much than they have do before and it can being a factor children won’t to learn more at home.

Another reason why early childhood education was good because with preschool children can have a lot of friends to studying and playing. Because almost of golden ages children actually more likes to play than study.

Result of a research entitled “School-Based Early Childhood Education and Age-28 Well-Being: Effects by Timing, Dosage, and Subgroups” has shown that the preschool group [children] had significantly higher levels of educational attainment for three of four select outcomes, which means preschool give a good outcomes for children at that time and also for children future.

For children better future, children should have academic and intellectual skills, and preschool is one of a way to start children academic and intellectual skills improvement. Daley and Carlson (2009; Innocenti, 2005) said, “Studies that examine outcomes for students who placed early and then successfully transition out of special education find that these children continue to increase their gains in academic and intellectual functioning across later development”.

Parents always want to give the best things for their child since their child was really young and some parents start it with enrolled they children to preschool to reach this goals. Because early childhood education has many good impact even though there’s also bad impact, it still a good chance for parents to make a better future life for their children.

References

1. The Added Impact of Parenting Education in Early Childhood Education Programs: A Meta-Analysis

2. Long-term effects of public early childhood education on academic achievement in Chile

3. School-Based Early Childhood Education and Age-28 Well-Being: Effects by Timing, Dosage, and Subgroups

4. Impact of North Carolina’s Early Childhood Initiatives on Special Education Placements in Third Grade

Selasa, 07 Mei 2019

Wella Cisilya Putri 1788203030 (Early education)

WHY EARLY EDUCATION IMPORTANT FOR CHILDREN?

Every parent must expect the best way for the future of his child. However, many parents are hesitant and do not understand the importance of education at an early age. What should young people receive an education? Or is it important for early education? regarding whether it is important or not, early education arises various statements regarding this matter. Both things that agree with the early education or reject the existence of early education.

According to Robert Coles wrote, "Our morals are greatly affected by our social environments in the important and influential early years, the environment is largely the parents and immediate family.” as children become socialized and enter schools, more and more of their moral character is open to the influence of peers and society ". From his studies suggest the factors of children moral lives are very rich and begin developing in infancy, as they learn about good or bad behavior and interactions with others and observing behavior.

According to Bammett, “Experts agree that supporting early childhood education is a win-win for everyone. “It’s not just a cliché that we’re investing in our future”. He says, “These are the people who are going to be paying for our Social Security. These are the people who will be defending our country.”

According to David Elkind wrote, "if parents are able to provide pre-school age education at home, are quite competent and have dedication, in terms of enough time and energy to stimulate children specifically then preschool is actually not important". Why is it not important? Because if the home environment allows children to play with peers and meet adults other than parents. But if the conditions that occur are the opposite, the sign that preschool is important.

Ethridge, who is also a professor at the University of Oklahoma, says that in her state many preschools still have extensive waiting lists. "Because it's' not mandatory, they don't have to provide enough for every child," she says. Children also

The research from early childhood programs finds recent of studies demonstrate that state pre-kindergarten programs have had positive effects on children’s readiness to learn, with large impacts in some states. From the National Head Start, Impact Study finds, released in 2005, provide than previously existed of Head Start’s positive impacts on children. Evaluation of Early Head Start also found a range of small positive impacts on very young children’s cognitive skills, behavior, and health.

In conclusion, no matter the difference of opinion from an expert about formal early education, the benefit from receiving several types of education during the early years of their development to children. However, there is no one size that fits all the instructions that are most suitable for all children. While some children benefit greatly from early education, it may not be the best educational setting for other children. In most cases, children benefit most by receiving educational instructions from their parents. Why this is the instruction of early education? because parents are very important to evaluate the child's unique personality before determining which program is most suitable for children because not all programs benefit the child in the same way.

References

1.https://www.brookings.edu/research/impacts-of-early-childhood-programs/

2.https://rodclarken.wordpress.com/2012/04/23/moral-development-and-education/

3.www.srjis.com/pages/pdfFiles/146633627825 Vishvpreet Kaur.pdf

4.https://www.educationcorner.com/importance-of-early-childhood-education.html

5.www.merinews.com/article/engineering-you...etter/15926550.shtml

6.https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4uh8pcm...ildren-according-to/

7.http://nationswell.com/ask-experts-can-fix-early-childhood-education/

8.Elkind,D. 2005. Response to Objectivism and Education: The Educational Forum 69(4) 328-334

9.Department for Education (2011) The National Strategies 1997–2011 A brief Summary of the Impact and Effectiveness of the National Strategies, London: HMSO. [Ref: 00032-2011PDF-EN-01]

10.The science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academies

Almira Hadita 1788203045 ( Early Education )

THE BEST EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM

Early childhood education (ECE) is one branch of education that is related to teaching children formally and informally, up to the age of about seven years. the quality of early childhood education has a positive impact that is directly received by children. Many different "curricula" or teaching approaches can create an enriched learning environment for children. There are several curricula in several countries in early childhood education. The curriculum must reflect the child's development and include specific learning goals for children. A good curriculum provides a balance between play and structured activities. Based on Jean Piaget's research and philosophy, early childhood education often focuses on learning through games that meet physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social needs (PILES) in children.

The Montessori curriculum is a curriculum applied in Montessori schools to support the development of infants, children and adolescents from birth to adulthood. Among these methods, one popular method is Montessori Education. It was founded by Dr. Maria Montessori in 1907. Montessori Education provides by grouping children from different age groups together in the same environment. But in the Montessori classroom environment, students are in a small community and spend time with peers. Students have a limited range of social activities in the Montessori education system. Montessori education is a lifestyle and not an educational method. The children stay in the montessori school an average of 2 to 3 years. of the 2000 children enrolled each year, only about 10 percent drop out.

Reggio Emilia is the ECE curriculum starting in the Italian city that respects teachers to build mutual respect with children. The Reggio Emilia approach focuses on projects where children are presented with certain concepts and they need to solve them through research, exploration and questions. Because learning is child-directed and project-based, it is very difficult to show parents that their children are actually learning. No worksheets were sent home, for example, to show that their child had learned their alphabet letters. This can be very detrimental to parents who want to immediately see the results of their child's work.

The Waldorf School was founded by Rudolf Steiner of Austria. Steiner designed his own education system in the early 20th century. The goal of Waldorf education is to help children get better: they not only learn how to read and write, but they learn how to communicate with each other. The Waldorf philosophy views education as an art, so that every subject, whether arithmetic, biology or English, is presented in a way of life that speaks at the stage of child development. Each subject is presented through direct experience and is usually coupled with art, poetry, music, drama and movement. However, many Waldorf students become very stressed because they always have several activities. And also the Waldorf school fees can be a barrier and are quite expensive, for the kind of patent full day program reaches $ 35,400.

The High Scope / Perry Preschool began in 1962. According to Schweinhart & Weikart (1999), High Scope focuses on children making their own decisions about what should be the focus of their learning. High Scope focus is planning, doing, and reviewing processes. Where children make plans about what they want to do in the classroom, then gather together with the class to review what they are doing. Children attend classes for two and a half hours every day for one or two years. Teachers receive training and curriculum supervision and work with small groups of five or six students (Schweinhart & Weikart, 1993).

Language immersion in preschoolers specifically concentrates on language learning. This educational philosophy, language as a teaching tool to give your child a comprehensive and satisfying foreign language experience. For example, children native to English can use Spanish, French, Chinese, Italian, etc. As the target language, those who speak Spanish, French, German, Chinese, usually use English as their second language. Children who start learning foreign languages after the general preschool age (ie 3-4) may have difficulty learning in immersion schools because of their brain development which can inhibit the ability to learn a second language more naturally. Although many parents worry that using two languages will cause confusion for their children. Conversely, the use of two languages in the same conversation has been found as a mastery of both languages (Research quoted from the 2006 report at the Center for Applied Linguistics.)

So, there are many curricula for early childhood education that are good for you to apply, and have a positive effect on children's development in the future.

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