1. Traditional media is media that has nothing to do with the internet. Traditional media marketing is a one-way conversation and is a closed system. Traditional media is mass marketing as oppose to one-on-one marketing like new media is. Traditional media is also more about the company whereas new media is more about the customers. New media is made in real time while traditional media is pre-made and scheduled.
2. modern media : are forms of media that are native to computers, computational and rely on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are telephones, computers, virtual worlds, single media, website games, human-computer interface, computer animation and interactive computer installations
3. educational media : These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
4. hardware : Hardware is the physical equipment or mechanical/electrical that make for a medium system operate e.g. a central pressing unit (CPU), mouse and keyboard. The hardware is used to run devices e.g motion pictures, video tapes, DVD players, radio TV, tape recorder, projectors, cameras and laptops. The hardware enables teacher to deal with more learners at least cost.
5. technology : TechnologyThe word technology is derived from two Greek words; -Techno (technique/how) and-Logy (knowledge/study).Technology = Technical know-how or technical knowledge.Man uses materials sources of power, machines and tools to make work easier and productive in the sake of satisfying his/her needs/wants.Whereas science tries to explain why things happen technology is concerned with how things happen.
6. software : SoftwareSoftware refers to data or programs not forming part of the hardware but used when operating the hardware eg a film in a camera, a transparency in an OHP, a cassette in a tape recorder or a program in a computer. It controls the computer’s operation.
7. interactive media : Interactive mediaThese are media format that allow/need some level of physical activity which much be shown by the learner rather than told eg a learner controlling a computer program.The pace and sequence of information is controlled by the learner.Since these media need the learner’s response, they catch the learner’s attention and interest greatly.The media enable learners to link data, information and ideas and also address learning styles, provide an effective learning environment in which learners can explore, add to and composes new learning at their own pace. However, the media are costly to develop and also require a detailed and careful planning thus they call for specialists.
8. educational technology : Bruce & Marsh (1996) looks at it as a logical arrangement of educational activities aimed at improving the learning – teaching process.
Richmond (1970) views the term as a scientific approach in solving, organizing, implementing and evaluating educational activities (teaching-learning).
The National Council for Educational Technology-UK defined the term as the development, application and evaluation of educational system for improving human learning process.
9. Educational media : Educational Media
These are any means of communication between the teacher and learner that allow interaction and feedback between the two parties (Angelo et.al,1993).
Halverson (1992)define educational media as things used in the classroom to aid teaching and training .The author looks at the concept as synonymous to instructional media, that is objects, premises, events, machines, models or computer programs with which learners interact to form concepts ,practice, skills and then draw conclusions out of verbal explanations so as to change their behavior or attitude.
10. educational media and technology : Rowtree (1990) says EMT is the development (process involving learners from start to evaluation) and evaluation (how much has the learners achieved given the applied media and technology) of system of techniques (technology) and aids (media) so as to improve the teaching – learning in conveying the content (message) to learners.
Coffey (1977) defines the concept as a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total teaching-learning process by employing a combination of human and scientific equipments to bring about effective instruction.
2. Differentiate the following concepts in relation to EMT, Where possible give an example in each case :
i. Multimedia presentation from multi image presentation : the projection of image using the sound film project and slide film project or an OHP and the opaque projector.
ii. Informational media from instructional media : photos, model, project or and regalia.
iii. Tradisional media from modern media :
iv. Technology in education from technology of education : audio, cassettes, model, radio, etc.
3. What is education media and how does it involve educational technology?
Educational media is a media for learning and teaching or learning software. Media itself means a method of communication. Educational media is primaliry aimed at producing the optimal combination of media so as to support learners.
Educational media and technology can be defined as all means of communication like prints, graphics, animations, audios and audiovisuals. Educational multimedia technology incorporates all the qualities of prints, graphics, animations, audio and audiovisuals and technology is defined as any object or process of human origin that can be utilised to convey media and multimedia. In this sense, technology includes phenomena as diverse as books, films, television, and the internet. In education, media are the symbol systems that teachers and learners utilise in representing knowledge and technologies are the tools that allow them to share their knowledge representations with others (Thomas, 1998).
Educational media and multimedia technology are the channels of transmitting information to learners’ and are also those gadgets, and machines that are needed in transmitting information to learners’. There are various types of educational media and multimedia technology currently utilised in teaching and learning processes which are: computer system, microphone, mobile device, interactive whiteboard, digital-video-ondemand, online media stream, digital game, pod-cast and so on. Computer system relevance in the classroom allows teachers to demonstrate a new lesson, animate, present new materials, illustrate how to use new programs and show new websites. In a noisy classroom or large classes, learners will be able to hear their teachers’ instruction clearly and in the process learn better with the use of microphones (Webcrawler, 2013). Mobile devices such as clickers or smartphones can be utilised in enhancing feedback activities during and after instruction delivery by the teacher. An interactive whiteboard provides touch control of computer applications which enhance the experience in the classroom by displaying visuals that can be viewed on a wider screen by learners’. This assist in visual learning, and interactivity for learners’ to draw, write or manipulate images on the interactive whiteboard. The digital video eliminates the need for in-classroom hardware players and allows teachers and learners to access video clips immediately without the internet access. Online media streams can enhance streamed video websites for classroom teaching and learning processes. The digital game motivates the learners in learning a particular concept at hand and its use is increasing everyday. Podcast is relatively new invention that allows teachers to publish files to the internet where learners’ can subscribe and receive new files from people by a subscription (Thomas, 1998).
4. Describe how some scholars become convinced to the decision of using the concept educational media and technology.
Educational technology which is the parent of Percival and Ellington learning media in the book Educational Technology, translated by Sudjarwo (1988: 9-10), writes a definition of educational technology, namely:Educational technology is the development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques and tools with the aim of improving the learning process for humans (Council for Education for Technology for the United Kingdom). Educational technology applies empirical testing techniques to improve learning situations (Nation Center for Programmed Learning United Kingdom). Educational technology is a systematic way in the design, implementation and evaluation of the teaching / learning process as a whole to achieve specific instructional goals. learning media are anything, objects, or even the school environment that build conditions that can make students improve the processes, situations, and effectiveness of teaching and learning
5. Discuss five principle functions of educational technology so as to improve the overall efficiency of teaching-learning process in classrooms.
a. The use of technology helps teachers meet their learners’ educational needs. According to Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (2000), the application of computer technology enables teachers and learners to make local and global societies that connect them with the people and expand opportunities for their learning.
b.technology provides so many alternatives as making teaching interesting and more productive in terms of advancement (Patel, 2013).
c. The usage of technology in class that can helps teacher for teaching vocab with multimedia texts in classroom assists learners in become familiar with vocabulary and language structures. The application of multimedia also makes use of print texts, film, and internet to enhance learners’ linguistic knowledge. The use of print, film, and internet gives learners the chance to collect information and offers them different materials for the analysis and interpretation of both language and contexts (Arifah, 2014).
d.Dawson, Cavanaugh, and Ritzhaupt (2008) and Pourhosein Gilakjani (2014) maintained that using technology can create a learning atmosphere centered around the learner rather than the teacher that in turn creates positive changes. They emphasized that by using computer technology, language class becomes an active place full of meaningful tasks where the learners are responsible for their learning.
e.Drayton, Falk, Stroud, Hobbs, and Hammerman (2010) argued that using computer technology indicates a true learning experience that enhances learners’ responsibilities. Technology encourages learners to learn individually and to acquire responsible behaviors. The independent use of technologies gives learners self-direction
Group 3.
Sandra Yunira
Wella Cisilya Putri
Jessica Paulima
Avivah Adinda Putri
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